A
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AbschlusswiderstandΩ
Widerstand am Ende einer Busleitung, der das Signal aufnimmt statt es reflektieren zu lassen. In einem Bus gehören genau zwei davon —...
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Absorption phase
The middle phase of a multi-stage charging process: the voltage is held constant at the end-of-charge voltage while the current falls by...
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Amp-hourAh
A measure of an amount of charge: a current of 5 amps for 4 hours equals 20 amp-hours. Capacity and consumption on...
B
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BMS
Battery management system: the electronics in a lithium battery that monitor cell voltages, currents and temperatures, control balancing and, in an emergency,...
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Balancing
Equalising the state of charge of the individual cells in a lithium battery. Without it, the cells drift apart and the weakest...
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Battery bankAh
Several interconnected batteries operated as one store — in parallel for more capacity, in series for a higher system voltage.
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Battery main switchA
A switch that disconnects a battery bank from the on-board system — for maintenance, longer lay-ups and emergencies. Every battery bank needs...
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Blade fuseA
A plug-in fuse for circuits in the single- to double-digit amp range — the usual design for load circuits in vehicles and...
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Busadresse
Die Kennung, unter der ein Teilnehmer im Bus angesprochen wird. Sie muss eindeutig sein — zwei Geräte mit derselben Adresse führen zu...
C
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C-rateC
Charge or discharge current relative to the rated capacity. 0.5 C means half the numerical value of the capacity as current —...
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CAN-Bus
Das übergeordnete Übertragungsverfahren, auf dem viele Bussysteme aufsetzen: zwei verdrillte Adern, alle Teilnehmer gleichberechtigt an einer Linie, Nachrichten mit Prioritätskennung.
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CE marking
The manufacturer's declaration that a product meets the applicable EU requirements. It is not a test seal from an independent body but...
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Cathodic protection
A method in which the metal to be protected is made electrically into the cathode and therefore no longer goes into solution...
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Cell voltageV
The voltage of a single battery cell. Lead-acid is about 2 volts per cell, LiFePO4 about 3.2 — which determines how many...
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Charge regulator
The device that controls the charging process: it sets the charging profile for each battery type, limits current and voltage and switches...
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Charging converter
A DC-DC converter that charges between two battery circuits while regulating voltage and current. Both sides remain electrically isolated or at least...
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Circuit breakerA
A resettable protective switch that protects the cable against overload and short circuit. On board it is common as a switching element...
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Conductor cross-sectionmm²
The cross-sectional area of the current-carrying copper strands of a flexible cable, stated in square millimetres. It determines voltage drop and current-carrying...
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Crimp connection
A connection in which a cable lug is pressed onto the stranded wire with a defined force. On board it is the...
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Cycle lifecycles
The number of charge and discharge cycles a battery survives down to a defined remaining capacity — usually to 80 percent of...
D
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D+ signal
A signal from the alternator indicating that it is running and charging. It is used to switch split-charge relays, DC-DC chargers or...
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DC-DC charger
A DC-DC converter between starter and house battery that turns the alternator voltage into a regulated charge with its own profile —...
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Deep dischargeV
Discharge below the permitted end-of-discharge voltage. With lead-acid, damage begins immediately; with lithium, the battery management system usually disconnects before it gets...
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Depth of discharge%
The share of the rated capacity that may regularly be drawn without unduly shortening service life. Around 50 percent for lead-acid, considerably...
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Drucksondembar
Füllstandsgeber, der den hydrostatischen Druck der Flüssigkeitssäule über sich misst. Aus Druck und Dichte des Mediums ergibt sich die Füllhöhe.
E
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End-of-charge voltageV
The voltage up to which a battery is charged. It depends on the battery type and is the value that decides whether...
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Equipotential bonding
The conductive connection of metallic components to one another so that no dangerous voltage difference can arise between them. It is not...
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Extra-low voltageV
Voltage up to 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC. 12- and 24-volt on-board systems fall into this category — which is...
F
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Fault currentmA
Current that does not flow back via the intended return conductor but takes a different path — via the protective earth, via...
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Firmware
Die Software im Gerät selbst. Sie bestimmt Funktionsumfang, Menüs und die unterstützten Nachrichten — und lässt sich bei vielen Geräten aktualisieren.
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Float chargeV
The last phase of a charging process: a reduced continuous voltage that compensates for self-discharge without stressing the battery further.
G
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GPSR
The EU General Product Safety Regulation. Among other things, it obliges manufacturers and dealers to name a responsible person in the EU...
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Galvanic isolation
Two circuits are galvanically isolated when there is no conductive connection between them — energy or signals are transmitted magnetically or optically.
I
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IP rating
A two-digit code for the protection of an enclosure: the first digit against foreign bodies and contact, the second against water. IP...
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Inrush currentA
The briefly increased current when a load starts up. Motors, pumps and compressors draw several times their continuous current, often only for...
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Insulation monitorkΩ
A device that continuously monitors the insulation resistance of a system and reports when it falls below a limit — that is,...
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Isolating diode
A component that allows two battery circuits to be charged together without discharging each other. Current can only flow in one direction.
K
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Kennlinie
Die Zuordnung zwischen einem Messsignal und dem angezeigten Wert — etwa zwischen Widerstand und Füllstand oder zwischen Spannung und Ladezustand.
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Kilowatt-hourkWh
A measure of an amount of energy: amp-hours times voltage, divided by a thousand. Unlike the amp-hour, it can be compared across...
L
M
N
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NH fuseA
Low-voltage high-breaking-capacity fuse: a design with high interrupting capacity for very large currents, originally from industry.
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NMEA 2000
Standardisiertes Bussystem für Navigations- und Motordaten an Bord. Plotter, Log, Windmesser, Autopilot und Motorschnittstellen tauschen darauf Nachrichten mit festgelegten Kennungen aus.
P
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P-Bus
Das Bordnetz-Bussystem von philippi: eine Linie mit T-Stücken, an der Monitore, Shunts, Interfaces und Schaltmodule als eigene Teilnehmer hängen. An beiden Leitungsenden...
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PWM
Pulse-width modulation: a simple control method in which the solar controller switches the panel on in pulses. In doing so, it pulls...
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Peukert exponent
An index of how strongly the usable capacity of a lead-acid battery falls as the discharge current rises. The higher the value,...
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Protective earth
The green-and-yellow conductor that connects touchable metal parts of the AC system to earth potential. In the event of a fault, the...
R
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Rated capacityAh
The capacity stated on the battery, measured under defined conditions — usually at a specific discharge time and temperature. It is not...
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Resistive senderΩ
A tank sender whose resistance changes with the fill level — usually via a float with a sliding contact or via a...
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Ring circuit
A cable routing in which a run is led back to its starting point so that loads are fed from two sides....
S
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Sacrificial anode
A deliberately less noble metal that dissolves instead of the components to be protected. It is a wear part and must suit...
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Safety extra-low voltageV
Extra-low voltage produced with safe isolation from the mains — for example via a transformer with separate windings. A fault on the...
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Shore connectionV
The feed of 230 volts from the grid at the pontoon or pitch into the on-board system — including cable, plug connection,...
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ShuntA / mV
A precision resistor in the negative cable across which the voltage drop is measured. From this a monitor calculates the current and...
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Solar yieldWh/day
The energy a solar system actually delivers — calculated from panel power, peak sun hours and a system efficiency covering controller, temperature,...
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Split-charge relay
A switch that connects starter and house battery during charging and then disconnects them again. It is controlled by the voltage or...
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Standby currentmA
The current a system draws even though everything seems to be switched off: monitors on standby, alarm systems, gas detectors, radios on...
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Star point
A central collection point from which each return cable runs separately. No load then sits in the ground path of another —...
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Starter battery
A battery that briefly delivers very high currents for the starter motor and is then immediately recharged. It is not built for...
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Sulphation
The formation of coarse lead sulphate crystals on the plates of a lead-acid battery that no longer dissolve during charging. It results...
T
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Tank sender
A sensor that detects the fill level of a tank and supplies it as a signal to a display — depending on...
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Terminierung
Der ordnungsgemäße Abschluss einer Busleitung an ihren beiden Enden. Sie verhindert, dass Signale am offenen Leitungsende reflektiert werden und sich mit nachfolgenden...
Kein Begriff gefunden. Andere Schreibweise versuchen — oder fragen Sie uns direkt.
How the Entries Are Structured
Each term begins with a one-to-two-sentence definition—concise enough to be quoted. Below that, you'll find practical implications: typical values, common confusions, and the most frequent mistake made with that term. Where a quantity is meant, the unit is included; where a formula is involved, the formula is provided.
Why a Dedicated Glossary
Vehicle electrical systems are full of terms that are taken for granted in datasheets and used inconsistently in forums. Ampere-hours and watt-hours are confused, depth of discharge and state of charge are equated, potential equalization and ground are lumped together. These ambiguities are not a matter of language—they lead to incorrectly designed systems.
From Term to Depth
Where a term deserves more than just a definition, the entry refers to the specialist article that elaborates on it—and to related terms within the same context. The glossary thus serves as an entry point into the academy, not merely an appendix.
Term missing?
Write to us — we will add it and explain it with a concrete case.
